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意莫高于爱民

東山 譯

意莫高于爱民,行莫厚于乐民。《晏子春秋-内篇问下之二十一》【註1】

No thought is loftier than loving people, no action is more sincere than making people happy.

立正长者 非高其爵,厚其禄,富贵佚而错之也。将以为万民兴利除害,富贵贫寡,安危治乱也。故古者圣王之为若此。《墨子-尚同中》【註2】

The purpose of appointing high officials in ancient times were not to raise their ranks and to increase their allowances so that they could live comfortable lives, but to seek benefits for the people, eliminate harms from the society, to bring wealth to the poor, to help the sparsely populated area become highly populated, to remove dangers and subdue rebellions. These are the ways how the ancient sage kings governed the country. 

【註1】《晏子春秋》是记载春秋时期齐国丞相晏婴言行活动的一部书,成书于战国时期,唐代以前认为《晏子春秋》一书是晏婴自著。唐人柳宗元认为是由墨家学徒将史料和民间传说汇编而成的。清人管同认为《晏子春秋》“其文浅薄过甚”,是六朝人伪作。四库全书列为史部传记类圣贤、名人之属。 《晏子春秋》中的晏子爱民、任贤、廉洁、尚俭等形象,基本上是有史实依据的。例如晏子说“意莫高于爱民,行莫厚于乐民”(《问下》);又说“廉者,政之本也;让者,德之主也”,又说“廉之谓公正,让之谓保德”(《杂下》)。该书记载了许多晏子劝告君主勤政、不要贪图享乐、任用贤能、虚心纳谏、以及爱护百姓的事例,更反对横征暴敛,滥施酷刑。这些观点既有儒家思想,又有墨家思想。西汉刘向对其加以过整理,共8卷215章,分为内篇6卷和外篇2卷。清末苏舆、张纯一分别著有《晏子春秋校注》,现代吴则虞著有《晏子春秋集释》。

【註2】見墨子《順天之意者》【註】

(原载《海外南开人》146期 November 27, 2019出版)

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