滿江紅·写怀

岳飞

【註】“靖康耻”即“靖康之耻”，是指1127年（宋钦宗靖康二年）金军攻陷北宋都城汴京（今河南开封），掳走宋徽宗、宋钦宗二帝以及大批宗室、妃嫔、官员和百姓北迁，导致北宋灭亡，中国历史进入南宋时期。此事不仅使北宋国祚终结，皇室蒙受奇耻大辱，也造成无数百姓流离失所。后来赵构在江南建立南宋，史称偏安。南宋名将岳飞在《满江红》中写 下“靖康耻，犹未雪；臣子恨，何时灭”，把这一事件视为民族耻辱，后世亦以“靖康耻”作为国破家亡的象征。

詩人簡介：岳飛（1103年3月24日－1142年1月27日），字鵬舉，相州湯陰（今河南省安陽市湯陰縣）人。南宋著名將領、民族英雄、戰略家、書法家。岳飛自幼勤學苦練，文武兼備。建炎三年（1129年），起兵抗金，屢立戰功，所部被稱為「岳家軍」，紀律嚴明，號稱「凍死不拆屋，餓死不掠奪」。岳飛主張「直搗黃龍」，力圖收復中原。紹興十一年（1141年），在主和派操縱下，宋高宗下十二道金牌召還岳飛。翌年岳飛被以「莫須有」的罪名害死於臨安風波亭，時年三十九歲。後世尊其為精忠報國的典範，明朝追諡「武穆」，清朝加封「鄂王」。

Note: The term “Jingkang Humiliation” refers to the events of 1127 (the second year of Emperor Qinzong’s Jingkang era), when the Jurchen Jin forces captured the Northern Song capital of Bianjing (present-day Kaifeng, Henan province), seizing Emperors Huizong and Qinzong along with numerous members of the imperial clan, consorts, officials, and common people, and taking them north into captivity. This catastrophe led to the fall of the Northern Song and the beginning of the Southern Song period in Chinese history. It not only marked the end of the Northern Song dynasty and brought profound disgrace upon the royal family but also caused countless civilians to be displaced. Soon after, Zhao Gou established the Southern Song in the south, ruling in relative security. The famous Southern Song general Yue Fei, in his poem "Manjianghong", wrote the line, “The Jingkang Humiliation has yet to be avenged; when will the subject’s hatred be erased?”—thus elevating the event into a national humiliation; later generations used “Jingkang Humiliation” as a poignant symbol of dynastic collapse and national tragedy.

Introduction to the poet: Yue Fei (March 24, 1103 – January 27, 1142), courtesy name Pengju, was a native of Tangyin, Xiangzhou (today’s Tangyin County, Anyang, Henan Province). He was a renowned general, national hero, strategist, and calligrapher of the Southern Song dynasty. From childhood, Yue Fei studied diligently and trained in both civil and military skills. In 1129, he raised troops to resist the Jurchen invaders and won repeated victories. His forces, known as the Yue Family Army, were famed for strict discipline, summed up by the saying: “They would rather freeze to death than dismantle a house, and starve to death rather than plunder.” Yue Fei advocated for a decisive strike on the Jin capital (“march straight to Huanglong”) to recover the lost northern territories. In 1141, under the dominance of the peace faction, Emperor Gaozong of Song recalled him with twelve imperial edicts. The next year, Yue Fei was executed at Fengbo Pavilion in Lin’an on a fabricated charge, at the age of thirty-nine. Later generations honored him as a model of unwavering loyalty and patriotism. He was posthumously granted the title “Prince Wu Mu” by the Ming dynasty, and “Prince of E” during the Qing dynasty.