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君之所贵者，仁也。臣之所贵者，忠也。父之所贵者，慈也。子之所贵者，孝也。兄之所贵者，友也。弟之所贵者，恭也。夫之所贵者，和也。妇之所贵者，柔也。事师长贵乎礼也，交朋友贵乎信也。

见老者，敬之；见幼者，爱之。有德者，年虽下于我，我必尊之；不肖者，年虽高于我，我必远之。慎勿谈人之短，切莫矜己之长。仇者以义解之，怨者以直报之，随所遇而安之。人有小过，含容而忍之；人有大过，以理而谕之。勿以善小而不为，勿以恶小而为之。人有恶，则掩之；人有善，则扬之。

处世无私仇，治家无私法。勿损人而利己，勿妒贤而嫉能。勿称忿而报横逆，勿非礼而害物命。见不义之财勿取，遇合理之事则从。诗书【注2】不可不读，礼义不可不知。子孙不可不教，童仆不可不恤。斯文不可不敬，患难不可不扶。守我之分者，礼也；听我之命者，天也。人能如是，天必相之。此乃日用常行之道，若衣服之于身体，饮食之于口腹，不可一日无也，可不慎哉！

Zhu Xi’s Family Instructions

What a ruler values is benevolence; what a minister values is loyalty.

What a father values is kindness; what a son values is filial piety.

What an elder brother values is fraternal affection; what a younger brother values is respect.

What a husband values is harmony; what a wife values is gentleness.

In serving teachers and elders, one must prize propriety.

In associating with friends, one must prize trustworthiness.

When you meet the old, treat them with respect; when you see the young, show them care.

If someone possesses virtue, though younger than I, I must honor him; if someone is immoral, though older than I, I must keep my distance.

Never speak of others’ faults, and never boast of your own strengths.

Enemies should be resolved through righteousness, grievances answered with uprightness; accept calmly whatever circumstances you encounter.

If someone commits a small mistake, tolerate it and be patient; if someone commits a great wrong, reason with him to correct it.

Do not shrink from doing good because it seems small, nor commit evil because it seems trivial.

When others do wrong, conceal it; when others do good, praise it.

In dealing with the world, bear no private grudges; in managing the household, harbor no private rules.

Do not harm others to benefit yourself; do not envy the worthy or begrudge the capable.

Do not repay insult with reckless anger; do not harm living beings by acting against propriety.

Take no ill-gotten wealth; follow every matter that accords with reason.

The 《Poetry》 and the 《Books》 must be read; rituals and moral principles must be known.

Children and descendants must be taught; servants and workers must be cared for.

Culture must be respected; those in hardship must be helped.

To keep to one’s proper role is ritual; to accept what comes is Heaven’s decree.

If one can live in this way, Heaven will surely support him.

This is the Way to be practiced in daily life as clothing is to the body, as food and drink are to the mouth and stomach, one cannot be without it for a single day. How could one not be cautious in all this?

【注1】《朱熹朱子家训》是南宋理学家、哲学家朱熹晚年为训示家族子弟而创作的家训作品，选自《朱熹遗集》卷四《家训》。古籍本仅有“家训“两字，后渐冠以“朱子“等尊称而有“朱熹朱子家训”之名。

《朱熹朱子家训》短小精悍，不仅提出了正确处理个人与家庭、社会、国家的关系，而且体现出理学所倡导的修身、齐家、治国、平天下的家国一体的思想，对人们的为人处世很有指导意义。 《朱熹朱子家训》文句工整对仗，言辞清晰流畅，具有极强的感召力和深厚的人生智慧，被朱氏族人奉为立身处世的宝典。同时，被尊为千古“治家之经”，它是朱熹晚年思想成熟期的产物，义理深刻，值得细细研读。

【注2】”诗“指《诗经》：“书”是《尚书》的简称。这里泛指上学读书。

Note 1: 《Zhu Xi’s Family Instructions》 is a work of family precepts composed in Zhu Xi’s later years to guide the younger members of his lineage. It is taken from volume 4 of the 《Posthumous Collection of Zhu Xi》 (Zhu Xi Yiji), under the section titled “Family Instructions”. In the original text, the work was simply titled “Family Instructions”, but later generations gradually added the honorific “Master Zhu,” giving rise to the commonly used title 《Zhu Xi’s (or Master Zhu’s) Family Instructions》.”

Concise and compact in style, 《Zhu Xi’s Family Instructions》 not only sets forth principles for properly managing the relationships between the individual, the family, society, and the state, but also embodies the Neo-Confucian vision of an integrated moral order，i.e. self-cultivation, regulating the family, governing the state, and bringing peace to the world. It offers valuable guidance for personal conduct and daily life.

The work is marked by parallel phrasing, clear and fluent expression, strong moral appeal, and profound wisdom. Within the Zhu clan it has long been revered as a guidebook for personal cultivation and conduct; and in wider society it has been honored as a timeless “classic of household governance.” As a product of Zhu Xi’s mature thought in his later years, its moral insights are deep and well worth close study.

Note 2: “Shi” refers to the 《Book of Songs (Shijing)》, and ‘Shu’ is the abbreviated name of the 《Book of Documents (Shangshu)》. Here, the terms are used generally to mean studying and receiving a classical education

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