送蓬仙兄返里有感诗三首 【註】

周恩来

Three Poems on Seeing Off Brother Pengxian Returning Home

by Zhou Enlai

（一）

（作於1916）

(Written in 1916)

Even a chance meeting upon drifting waters was destined before,

Studying in Tianjin was by no means mere chance.

Plucking lice, in earnest talk, we startled the whole gathering,

Holding crab claws with wine we recalled the days of old.

Through peril or ease, we kept our resolve as if tasting gall,

For the burdens of duty and righteousness, we never dared rest our shoulders.

When the day comes to return to farming with merit complete,

We shall in advance prepare the money to buy land neighboring a friend.

（二）

（作於1916）

(Written in 1916) The east wind hastens the wandering guest, By the southern ford the farewell song is sung. In a twinkling one is a thousand miles away, A sweet dream pierces blithe days we had. Like stars parted, it becomes a tale of sorrow, Like clouds dispersed what can ease such care? Yet joy remains in shadows of bygone days, In words and articles our bond endures in full. （三） （作於1916） 同侪争疾走，君独著先鞭。 作嫁怜侬拙，急流让尔贤。 群鸦恋晚树，孤雁入寥天。 惟有交游旧，临岐意怅然。 On Seeing Off Brother Pengxian Returning Home -3 (Written in 1916) Peers compete in hurried flight, You alone crack the leading whip. Clumsy in craft for others’ gain I yield, In the swift current I give way to your worth. The flock of crows clings to the evening trees, A lone wild goose soars into the vast sky. Only with old companions in parting Does my heart grow heavy dejected.

【註】《送蓬仙兄返里有感》诗三首，最早于一九一六年以“飞飞”的笔名发表于南开学生刊物《敬业》。诗题中的“蓬仙兄”，是周恩来的同学好友张蓬仙，名德海，号蓬仙，东北吉林人, 是南开校歌倡议者。张蓬仙是清朝末年至民国初年的著名学者、教育家，与周恩来总理同在南开就读，有着深厚的同窗情谊。1917年，留日学生张蓬仙提出编写校歌以增强南开凝聚力的建议，这一倡议经张伯苓推动，最终促成了1919年《南开大学校歌》的创作完成‌。 在南开学校期间，张蓬仙与周恩来共同发起"敬业乐群会"，并担任会长，周恩来任副会长兼《敬业》杂志主编。该社团是南开早期重要的学生组织‌ 作为清末民初的学者，张蓬仙在文化教育领域有所建树‌。 1916年春，张蓬仙奉父命退学回吉林长春老家时，周恩来赠诗三首《送蓬仙兄返里有感》，表达惜别之情‌‌。

【詩人簡介】周恩來（1898年3月5日—1976年1月8日），字翔宇，乳名大鸞，祖籍浙江紹興，生於江蘇淮安，中國近代政治家、革命家、外交家，也是中國共產黨、中華人民共和國及中國人民解放軍的創建者和領導人之一。在中華人民共和國成立後曾長期擔任中華人民共和國國務院總理、中國人民政治協商會議全國委員會主席等要職。

周恩來出生於清朝末年，早年在家中私塾接受教育。在其親生母親萬氏與養母陳氏都因病早逝後，隨其伯父離開江蘇故居，北上中國東北地區的鐵嶺、瀋陽等地求學。1913年，赴天津私立南開中學堂（今天津市南開中學）就讀，後於南開大學肄業。

周恩來曾短期留學日本、法國、德國、英國等地，並為旅法共產主義小組和中國少年共產黨骨幹。1924年回國後，擔任黃埔軍校政治部副主任、主任。第一次國共內戰期間，擔任中共蘇區中央局書記、中國工農紅軍總政治委員兼中國工農紅軍第一方面軍政治委員、中共中央革命軍事委員會副主席，參與歷次中央蘇區反圍剿戰爭，並指揮長征。在西安事變中，他代表中國共產黨與中國國民黨簽訂合約，共同對抗日軍。中國抗日戰爭期間，擔任國軍政治部副主任兼第八路軍駐重慶辦事處主任，負責國共雙方軍事與政治調停。日本投降後，陪同中國共產黨中央委員會主席毛澤東前往重慶，與中國國民黨總裁蔣介石於重慶談判。第二次國共內戰期間，擔任代中國人民解放軍總參謀長，代表中共參與北平和談。

中華人民共和國成立後，歷任中央人民政府政務院總理、中華人民共和國國務院總理、全國政協主席、中國共產黨中央委員會副主席等，直至1976年1月逝世。1949年至1958年期間，曾兼任中華人民共和國外交部部長。此外，他也擔任過中國共產黨中央書記處書記、中國共產黨中央軍事委員會副主席、中央政治局常委等要職，並主持了中國的「一五計劃」和「兩彈一星」工程。

周恩來與夫人鄧穎超於1925年在廣州結婚。兩人沒有親生子女，但收養了包括前國務院總理李鵬在內的數名烈士遺孤。

Note: The three poems 《On Seeing Off Brother Pengxian Returning Home》 were published under the pen name “Fei Fei” in the student magazine 《Jingye》 in 1916 . The “Brother Pengxian” in the title refers to Zhou Enlai’s classmate and close friend Zhang Pengxian, whose personal name was Dehai, style name Pengxian, a native of Jilin Province. He was the initiator of the Nankai school anthem. Zhang Pengxian was a prominent scholar and educator during the late Qing and early Republican period. He studied at Nankai together with Zhou Enlai, and the two enjoyed a deep bond as classmates.

In 1917, while studying in Japan, Zhang Pengxian proposed composing a school anthem to strengthen Nankai’s cohesion. His proposal received strong support from Zhang Boling, leading to the completion of the Nankai University Anthem in 1919. During their time at Nankai, Zhang Pengxian and Zhou Enlai jointly founded the “Jingye Lequn Society,” with Zhang serving as president and Zhou as vice president and editor-in-chief of the society’s magazine 《Jingye》. This society became one of Nankai’s earliest and most influential student organizations. As a scholar of the late Qing and early Republican era, Zhang Pengxian made notable contributions to cultural and educational development.

In the spring of 1916, when Zhang Pengxian obeyed his father’s instruction to withdraw from school and return to his hometown of Changchun, Jilin Province, Zhou Enlai presented him with three poems titled “On Seeing Off Brother Pengxian Returning Home,” expressing his deep feelings at their parting.

Introduction to the poet: Zhou Enlai (March 5, 1898 – January 8, 1976), courtesy name Xiangyu, childhood name Daluan, was originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, and was born in Huai’an, Jiangsu Province. He was a modern Chinese statesman, revolutionary, and diplomat, as well as one of the founders and leaders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the People’s Republic of China (PRC), and the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). After the founding of the PRC, he served for a long period as Premier of the State Council of the PRC and Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, among other important posts.

Zhou Enlai was born in the late Qing dynasty and received his early education in a family private school. After the deaths of both his biological mother, Madam Wan, and his foster mother, Madam Chen, he left his hometown in Jiangsu Province with his uncle and went north to study in places such as Tieling and Shenyang in Northeast China. In 1913, he entered the privately run Nankai Middle School in Tianjin (today’s Nankai High School) and later studied at Nankai University, though he did not graduate.

Zhou briefly studied abroad in Japan, France, Germany, and Britain, where he became a core member of the Communist Group in France and the Chinese Socialist Youth League. Returning to China in 1924, he served as deputy director and later director of the Political Department at the Whampoa Military Academy. During the First Chinese Civil War, he was secretary of the CCP Central Bureau in the Soviet Area, political commissar of the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army, political commissar of the Red First Front Army, and vice chairman of the CCP Central Revolutionary Military Commission. He took part in several counter-encirclement campaigns in the Central Soviet Area and directed the Long March. During the Xi’an Incident, he represented the CCP in reaching an agreement with the Kuomintang (KMT) to resist the Japanese invasion together.

During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he served as deputy director of the Political Department of the National Revolutionary Army and as director of the Eighth Route Army’s office in Chongqing, mediating political and military relations between the CCP and the KMT. After Japan’s surrender, he accompanied Mao Zedong, chairman of the CCP Central Committee, to Chongqing for peace talks with Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the KMT. In the Second Chinese Civil War, Zhou acted as acting chief of staff of the People’s Liberation Army and represented the CCP in peace negotiations in Beiping (now Beijing).

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Zhou successively held the posts of Premier of the Government Administration Council of the Central People’s Government, Premier of the State Council of the PRC, Chairman of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, and Vice Chairman of the CCP Central Committee, positions he retained until his death in January 1976. Between 1949 and 1958, he also served concurrently as Foreign Minister of the PRC. In addition, he held other key roles such as secretary of the CCP Central Secretariat, vice chairman of the CCP Central Military Commission, and member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee, presiding over major national programs such as the First Five-Year Plan and the “Two Bombs, One Satellite” project.

In 1925, he married Deng Yingchao in Guangzhou. They had no biological children, but adopted several orphans of revolutionary martyrs, including future Premier Li Peng.