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八观 通则观其所礼,贵则观其所进,富则观其所养,听则观其所行,止则观其所好,习则观其所言,穷则观其所不受,贱则观其所不为。 -《吕氏春秋-管仲·论人》【註】 Eight Ways to Observe Man
When a man becomes hotshot, to see if he is still modest, polite, and law-abiding. When a man becomes a dignitary, to see what kind of people he promotes. When a man becomes wealthy, to see for whom he spends money, what he invests in. When we heard what a man say, to see what he is actually dong. When a man is no longer an official, to see what he would go after. When a man studies, to see what he says on the books. When a man is in poverty, to see what he does not accept. When a man is in a lowly position, to see what he doesn’t do. - 《The Lu Annals-Guan Zhong:On Man》 【註】《吕氏春秋》,又称《吕览》,战国时代末期的一部政治理论散文的汇编,共26卷,160篇,完成于秦王政六年(公元前241年),为秦国相国吕不韦主持,召集门客各派学者编纂而成。 《吕氏春秋》内容涉及甚广,以道家黄老思想为主,兼收儒、名、法、墨、农和阴阳各先秦诸子百家言论,是杂家的代表作,也是中国古代类书的起源。《吕氏春秋》中保存了不少古代的遗文佚事和思想观念。《吕氏春秋》在文学上一个突出成就是创作了丰富多彩的寓言,全书中的寓言故事共有二百多则,这些寓言大都是化用中国古代的神话、 传说、故事而来,还有些是作者自己的创造,在中国寓言史上具有相当重要的地位。 (原载《海外南开人》95期,07/19/2015) |
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04/24/2025
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