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民为贵 君为轻
People are More Important than Rulers
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民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻。是故得乎丘民而为天子，得乎天子为诸侯，得乎诸侯为大夫。
- 《孟子·尽心下》
The people are of greatest importance, the State comes next, and the ruler is of least weight. Therefore, when winning the support of the common people you will become the Son of Heaven, when winning the heart of the Son of Heaven you can become prince, when winning the confidence of the prince you can be Grand Master.
- 《Mencius: Best Efforts, Book 2》
鱼，我所欲也；熊掌，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼，舍鱼而熊掌者也。生，亦我所欲也；义，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也。生亦我所欲，所欲有甚于生者，故不为苟得也.
- 《孟子·告子上》
Fish is what I wish for and bear paw is, too, but when these two cannot be obtained at the same time, then I would rather give up fish and have bear paw. Life is what I want and rightiousness is also, but when these two things cannot be kept at the same time, then I would rather sacrifice my life and choose righteousness. Life is what I want, but if there are things I desire more than life, I will not pursue life at any cost.
- 《Mencius: To My Son, Book 1》
无恒产而有恒心者，惟士为能。
- 《孟子·梁惠王上》
Those who have no permanent livelihood yet maintain constant integrity, only the scholar can do so.
- 《Mencius: King Liang Hui, Book 1》
士穷不失义，达不离道。
- 《孟子·尽心上》
A true scholar, though in poverty, never forsakes righteousness; in prosperity, never strays from the Way.
- 《Mencius: Best Efforts, Book 1》
人之患在好为人师。—《孟子·告子下》
The trouble with people is that they are too eager to act as teachers of others.
—《Mencius: To My Son, Book 2》
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【作者簡介】孟子（前372年—前289年），姬姓，孟氏，名轲。《孟子》一書是儒家的经典著作，战国中期孟子及其弟子万章、公孙丑等著。最早见于赵岐《孟子题辞》：“此书，孟子之所作也，故总谓之《孟子》”。《孟子》被南宋朱熹列为“四书”之一（另外三本为《大学》《中庸》《论语》）。
《汉书·艺文志》著录《孟子》十一篇，现存七篇十四卷。总字数三万五千余字，260章。相传另有《孟子外书》四篇。书中记载有孟子及其弟子的政治、教育、哲学、伦理等思想观点和政治活动。
《孟子》作为《中华优秀传统文化百部经典》之一於2021年出版。
Introduction to the author:
Mencius (372 BCE – 289 BCE), whose clan name was Ji, family name Meng, and personal name Ke, was a great Confucian thinker. 《The Book of Mencius》is a classic Confucian text, compiled during the mid-Warring States period by Mencius together with his disciples Wan Zhang, Gongsun Chou, and others. The earliest attribution appears in Zhao Qi’s 《Preface to the Mencius》: “This book was composed by Mencius, and therefore it is collectively called Mencius.”In the Southern Song dynasty, Zhu Xi listed 《Mencius》 as one of the “Four Books” (the other three being 《The Great Learning》, 《The Doctrine of the Mean》, and 《The Analects》). The 《Book of Han · Bibliographic Treatise》 records eleven chapters from 《Mencius》, of which seven chapters in fourteen juan (scrolls) survive today. The extant text contains over 35,000 characters, arranged in 260 sections. Tradition also speaks of four additional chapters titled 《Outer Book of Mencius》, which are no longer extant.The work preserves the political, educational, philosophical, and ethical ideas and activities of Mencius and his disciples. In 2021, 《Mencius》 was published as one of the 《One Hundred Classics of Fine Traditional Chinese Culture》.
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