Mourning Zhusan, Martyr of Huanghuagang Uprising -1

By Sung Chiao-jen
(Written in 1911)

A lonely moon, tattered clouds，your life is gone,
Hate cannot be alleviated under the pitiless Heaven and Earth.
You died cursing the foes like the heroic Changshan,
You fought till all exhausted as the Song Martyrs.
Yet you have left the noble spirit for the world,
Albeit the loyal name is avowed only in empty words through the ages.
Heartbroken, the Han monarchy not yet restored,
Cuckoos are crying with tears stained with blood.

（二）

海天杯酒吊先生，时势如斯感靡平!
不幸文山难救国⑤，多才武穆竟知兵⑥。
卅年片梦成长别，万古千秋得有名。
恨未从军轻一掷，头颅无价哭无声。

Mourning Zhusan, Martyr of Huanghuagang Uprising -2
(Written in 1911)

I offer a cup of condolence wine to you in Heaven.
My grief is not stilled as the troubled times press in.
Sadly, Wenshan could not save his master's State,
Wu Mu, a talent in the art of war, also ended in tragedy.
Parting forever after brief dreams for thirty years,
You will be immortal in our hearts and in history eternally.
Repenting for not offering my life in the uprising,
Your life was priceless, and I am speechless in tears.

【注】

1. 铸三：陈铸三，名更新， 福建侯官人；善击剑，精马术，曾留学日本。黄花岗起义七十二烈士之一。
2. 《新唐书》的“颜杲卿传”中记载，杲卿守常山，即今河北正定，城陷被执，安禄山亲鞫之，杲卿骂不绝口，贼断其舌，声含糊而死。此处谓铸三被俘不屈。
3. 《宋史》中的“陆秀夫传”记载，宋至元十六年二月，崖山破，秀夫仗剑驱妻子入海，己负王赴海殉。此处借指黄花岗起义，以弹尽援绝归于失败。
4. 两间：即天地之间。
5. 文山指文天祥，見本書《文天祥詩三首》詩人簡介。
6. 武穆指岳飛，見本書岳飛作《滿江紅·写怀》詩人簡介。

【诗人简介】

宋教仁（1882年4月5日－1913年3月22日），字钝初，号渔父，生于中国湖南省桃源县，中国近代民主革命家，是民国初期第一位倡导内阁制的政治家。宋教仁与孙中山、黄兴一起是“国民党”建党三元首之一。
宋教仁6岁进入私塾读书，17岁升入桃源漳江书院，清光绪二十八年（1902年），他考入武昌普通中学堂。翌年入学，在校期间，由吴禄贞等人组织的革命团体在武昌花园山的聚会吸引了他，常与同学议论时政，并走上了反清革命之道路。是年8月，黄兴到武昌，两人相识并从此成为挚友。不久，黄兴因激烈的反清言论，被驱逐出武昌，回到长沙。随后，宋教仁也回到湖南，为成立革命团体到长沙、常德一带做联络工作。
光绪三十年（1904年）二月，以“驱除鞑虏，恢复中华”为目标的华兴会在长沙成立，黄兴任会长，宋教仁任副会长。同年12月13日，宋教仁抵达日本，与孙中山、黄兴等一起在日本东京成立同盟会，成为同盟会的主要领导人之一。1910年底，宋教仁从日本返抵上海，任《民立报》主笔，以“渔父”笔名撰写大量宣传革命的文章。1911年7月，与谭人凤、陈其美等在上海组建同盟会中部总会，邀请或派人来往于上海、长江中下游各地，促进革命势力的发展。

1913年中华民国国会大选，国民党大获全胜，宋教仁正欲循欧洲“内阁制”惯例，以党魁身份组阁之际，同年3月20日22时45分，被杀手刺杀于上海火车站，子弹从后背射入体内，射中其右肋，斜入腹部。宋教仁疼痛难忍，趴倒在一张椅子上，用手把于右任的头拉到胸口，喘息地说：“吾痛甚，殆将不起……”。当时在火车站送行的黄兴、于右任、廖仲恺等将宋教仁送往沪宁铁路医院急救。在医院中他向于右任留下遗嘱：“今以三事奉告：一、所有在南京、北京及东京寄存之书籍，悉捐入南京图书馆；二、我本寒家，老母尚在，如我死后，请克强与公及诸故人为我照料；三、诸公皆当勉力进行，勿以我为念，而放弃责任心。我为调和南北事费尽心力，造谣者及一班人民不知原委，每多误解，我受痛苦也是应当，死亦何悔？”在医院手术后，情况没有好转，大小便中出血严重；21日下午，宋教仁再次被送进手术室，延至3月22日凌晨4时48分不治身死，年仅31岁。今宋教仁墓安于上海市闸北公园。

Notes:

1.  Zhusan: Chen Zhusan, also named Gengxin, was born in Houguan, Fujian Province; skilled in fencing and horsemanship and studied abroad in Japan, one of the 72 martyrs of Huanghuagang Uprising.
2. “The Biography of Yan Gaoqing” in the 《New Book of Tang》 records that Gaoqing guarded Changshan, which is now Zhengding in Hebei Province；the city was captured and he was seized. An Lushan personally interrogated him, and Gaoqing cursed him incessantly. An Lushan ordered cutting off his tongue, and he died in a vague voice. Here it is referred that Zhu San was captured and unyielding like Yan Gaoqing.
3. “The Biography of Lu Xiufu” in the 《History of Song Dynasty》records that in February of the 16th year of the Zhiyuan reign of the Song Dynasty, Yashan was breached, and Lu Xiufu used his sword to drive his wife into the sea, and he also sacrificed himself in the sea for the emperor. This refers to the Huanghuagang Uprising, which ended in failure due to the exhaustion of ammunition and aid.
4.  “Two places” refer to Heaven and Earth.
5. Wenshan refers to Wen Tianxiang, see 《Three Poems by Wen Tianxiang》 Introduction to the Poet.
6. Wu Mu refers to Yue Fei, see 《Man Jiang Hong, Written with Deep Feeling》 Introduction to the poet.

Introduction to the poet: Sung Chiao-jen (April 5, 1882- March 22, 1913), also known as Dun Chu and Fisherman, was born in Taoyuan County, Hunan Province. He was a modern Chinese democratic revolutionary and the first politician in the early Republic of China to advocate for the cabinet system. Sung Chiao-jen was one of the main founders and leaders of the Kuomintang. Sung Chiao-jen entered a private school at the age of 6 and was promoted to the Zhangjiang Academy in Taoyuan at the age of 17. In the 28th year of the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty (1902), he was admitted to the Wuchang Ordinary Middle School. One year after while in school, a revolutionary group organized by Wu Luzhen and others gathered at Huayuan Mountain in Wuchang, attracted him. He often discussed current affairs with his classmates and embarked on the path of anti-Qing revolution. In August of that year, Huang Xing went to Wuchang and the two met and became close friends from then on. Soon after, Huang Xing was expelled from Wuchang and returned to Changsha due to his intense anti-Qing remarks. Subsequently, Sung Chiao-jen also returned to Hunan and went to Changsha and Changde to do liaison work for the establishment of revolutionary groups.In February of the 30th year of the Guangxu reign (1904), the Huaxing Society was established in Changsha with the goal “To expel the Tartars and restore China”. Huang Xing served as the chairman and Sung Chiao-jen as the vice chairman. On December 13 of the same year, Sung Chiao-jen arrived in Japan, together with Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing, established the Chinese Revolutionary Alliance（Tongmenghui）in Tokyo, and became one of the main leaders of the Alliance. At the end of 1910, Sung Chiao-jen returned to Shanghai from Japan and served as the chief editor of the 《Minli Daily》, writing many articles promoting revolution under the pen name "Fisherman". In July 1911, with Tan Renfeng, Chen Qimei and others, the Central China General Association of the Chinese Revolutionary Alliance was set up in Shanghai, inviting or sending people to travel in Shanghai and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to promote the development of revolutionary forces.In the 1913 National Assembly election of the Republic of China, the Kuomintang won a complete victory. As Sung Chiao-jen was about to follow the tradition of the European cabinet system and form a government as the party leader, he was assassinated at 22:45 on March 20 of the same year at Shanghai Railway Station. The bullet entered his body from the back, hit his right rib, and slanted into his abdomen. Sung Chiao-jen was in unbearable pain and collapsed on a chair, pulling Yu Youren's head to his chest with his hand. He gasped and said, "I am in severe pain, and I can hardly get up..." Huang Xing, Yu Youren, Liao Zhongkai, and others who were seeing him off at the train station sent Sung Chiao-jen to the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway Hospital for emergency treatment.In the hospital, he left a will to Yu Youren: "I hereby inform you of three things: 1. All books stored in Nanjing, Beijing, and Tokyo shall be donated to the Nanjing Library. 2. I come from a humble family, and my mother is still alive. If I die, Keqiang, you and all my old friends, please take care of her for me. 3. All of you should do your best and not give up sense of responsibility because of me. I have devoted all my efforts to reconcile the affairs of the North and South. Because of the rumor mongers the people do not know the truth. There are a lot of misunderstandings, I should suffer pain, and why regret death?" After the surgery in the hospital, the situation did not improve, and there was severe bleeding in his urine and bowels. On the afternoon of the 21st, Sung Chiao-jen was once again sent to the operating room and passed away at 4:48 am on March 22nd, at the age of only 31. His tomb is now located in Zhabei Park, Shanghai.