革命战争是群众的战争，只有动员群众才能进行战争，只有依靠群众才能进行战争。
——《关心群众生活，注意工作方法》（一九三四年一月二十七日），《毛泽东选集》第一卷第一三一页
The revolutionary war is a war of the masses; it can be waged only by mobilizing the masses and relying on them.
― "Be Concerned with the Well-Being of the Masses, Pay Attention to Methods of Work" (January 27, 1934), Selected Works, Vol. I. p. 147.*

真正的铜墙铁壁是什么？是群众，是千百万真心实意地拥护革命的群众。这是真正的铜墙铁壁，什么力量也打不破的，完全打不破的。反革命打不破我们，我们却要打破反革命。在革命政府的周围团结起千百万群众来，发展我们的革命战争，我们就能消灭一切反革命，我们就能夺取全中国。
——《关心群众生活，注意工作方法》（一九三四年一月二十七日），《毛泽东选集》第一卷第一三四页
What is a true bastion of iron? It is the masses, the millions upon millions of people who genuinely and sincerely support the revolution. That is the real iron bastion which it is impossible, and absolutely impossible, for any force on earth to smash. The counter-revolution cannot smash us; on the contrary, we shall smash it. Rallying millions upon millions of people round the revolutionary government and expanding our revolutionary war, we shall wipe out all counter-revolution and take over the whole of China.
― Ibid., p. 150.*

战争的伟力之最深厚的根源，存在于民众之中。日本敢于欺负我们，主要的原因在于中国民众的无组织状态。克服了这一缺点，就把日本侵略者置于我们数万万站起来了的人民之前，使它象一匹野牛冲入火阵，我们一声唤也要把它吓一大跳，这匹野牛就非烧死不可。
——《论持久战》（一九三八年五月），《毛泽东选集》第二卷第五零一页
The richest source of power to wage war lies in the masses of the people. It is mainly because of the unorganized state of the Chinese masses that Japan dares to bully us. When this defect is remedied, then the Japanese aggressor, like a mad bull crashing into a ring of flames, will be surrounded by hundreds of millions of our people standing upright, the mere sound of their voices will strike terror into him, and he will be burned to death.
― "On Protracted War" (May 1938), Selected Works, Vol. II, p. 186.

帝国主义者如此欺负我们，这是需要认真对付的。我们不但要有强大的正规军，我们还要大办民兵师。这样，在帝国主义侵略我国的时候，就会使他们寸步难行。
——《对新华社记者的谈话》（一九五八年九月二十九日），一九五八年十月一日《人民日报》
The imperialists are bullying us in such a way that we will have to deal with them seriously. Not only must we have a powerful regular army, we must also organize contingents of the people's militia on a big scale. This will make it difficult for the imperialists to move a single inch in our country in the event of invasion.
― "Interview with a Hsinhua News Agency Correspondent" (September 29, 1958).

人民的游击战争，从整个革命战争的观点看来，和主力红军是互为左右手，只有主力红军而无人民的游击战争，就象一个独臂将军。根据地的人民条件，具体地说来，特别是对于作战说来，就是有武装起来了的人民。敌人视为畏途，主要地也在这一点。
——《中国革命战争的战略问题》（一九三六年十二月），《毛泽东选集》第一卷第二二一页
Considering the revolutionary war as a whole, the operations of the people's guerrillas and those of the main forces of the Red Army complement each other like a man's right arm and left arm, and if we had only the main forces of the Red Army without the people's guerrillas, we would be like a warrior with only one arm. In concrete terms, and especially with regard to military operations, when we talk of the people in the base area as a factor, we mean that we have an armed people. That is the main reason why the enemy is afraid to approach our base area.
― "Problems of Strategy in China's Revolutionary War" (December 1936), Selected Works, Vol. I, p. 238.

战争胜负，主要地决定于作战双方的军事、政治、经济、自然诸条件，这是没有问题的。然而不仅仅如此，还决定于作战双方主观指导的能力。军事家不能超过物质条件许可的范围外企图战争的胜利，然而军事家可以而且必须在物质条件许可的范围内争取战争的胜利。军事家活动的舞台建筑在客观物质条件的上面，然而军事家凭着这个舞台，却可以导演出许多有声有色威武雄壮的活剧来。
——《中国革命战争的战略问题》（一九三六年十二月），《毛泽东选集》第一卷第一七五页
Unquestionably, victory or defeat in war is determined mainly by the military, political, economic and natural conditions on both sides. But not by these alone. It is also determined by each side's subjective ability in directing the war. In his endeavour to win a war, a military strategist cannot overstep the limitations imposed by the material conditions; within these limitations, however, he can and must strive for victory. The stage of action for a military strategist is built upon objective material conditions, but on that stage he can direct the performance of many a drama, full of sound and colour, power and grandeur.
― Ibid., pp. 190-91.*

战争的目的不是别的，就是“保存自己，消灭敌人”（消灭敌人，就是解除敌人的武装，也就是所谓“剥夺敌人的抵抗力”，不是要完全消灭其肉体）。古代战争，用矛用盾：矛是进攻的，为了消灭敌人；盾是防御的，为了保存自己。直到今天的武器，还是这二者的继续。轰炸机、机关枪、远射程炮、毒气，是矛的发展；防空掩蔽部、钢盔、水泥工事、防毒面具，是盾的发展。坦克，是矛盾二者结合为一的新式武器。进攻，是消灭敌人的主要手段，但防御也是不能废的。进攻，是直接为了消灭敌人的，同时也是为了保存自己，因为如不消灭敌人，则自己将被消灭。防御，是直接为了保存自己的，但同时也是辅助进攻或准备转入进攻的一种手段。退却，属于防御一类，是防御的继续；而追击，则是进攻的继续。应该指出：战争目的中，消灭敌人是主要的，保存自己是第二位的，因为只有大量地消灭敌人，才能有效地保存自己。因此，作为消灭敌人之主要手段的进攻是主要的，而作为消灭敌人之辅助手段和作为保存自己之一种手段的防御，是第二位的。战争实际中，虽有许多时候以防御为主，而在其余时候以进攻为主，然而通战争的全体来看，进攻仍然是主要的。
——《论持久战》（一九三八年五月），《毛泽东选集》第二卷第四七一——四七二页
The object of war is specifically "to preserve oneself and destroy the enemy" (to destroy the enemy means to disarm him or "deprive him of the power to resist", and does not mean to destroy every member of his forces physically). In ancient warfare, the spear and the shield were used, the spear to attack and destroy the enemy, and the shield to defend and preserve oneself. To the present day, all weapons are still an extension of the spear and the shield. The bomber, the machine-gun, the longrange gun and poison gas are developments of the spear, while the air-raid shelter, the steel helmet, the concrete fortification and the gas mask are developrnents of the shield. The tank is a new weapon combining the functions of both spear and shield. Attack is the chief means of destroying the enemy, but defence cannot be dispensed with. In attack the immediate object is to destroy the enemy, but at the same time it is self-preservation, because if the enemy is not destroyed, you will be destroyed. In defence the immediate object is to preserve yourself, but at the same time defence is a means of supplementing attack or preparing to go over to the attack. Retreat is in the category of defence and is a continuation of defence, while pursuit is a continuation of attack. It should be pointed out that destruction of the enemy is the primary object of war and self-preservation the secondary, because only by destroying the enemy in large numbers can one effectively preserve oneself. Therefore attack, the chief means of destroying the enemy, is primary, while defence, a supplementary means of destroying the enemy and a means of self-preservation, is secondary. In actual warfare the chief role is played by defence much of the time and by attack for the rest of the time, but if war is taken as a whole, attack remains primary.
― "On Protracted War" (May 1938). Selected Works, Vol. II, p. 156.

一切军事行动的指导原则，都根据于一个基本的原则，就是：尽可能地保存自己的力量，消灭敌人的力量。……何以解释战争中提倡勇敢牺牲呢？每一战争都须支付代价，有时是极大的代价，岂非和“保存自己”相矛盾？其实一点也不矛盾，正确点说，是相反相成的。因为这种牺牲，不但是为了消灭敌人的必要，也是为了保存自己的必要——部分的暂的“不保存”（牺牲或支付），是为了全体的永久的保存所必需的。在这个基本的原则上，发生了指导整个军事行动的一系列的所谓原则，从射击原则（荫蔽身体，发扬火力，前者为了保存自己，后者为了消灭敌人）起，到战略原则止，都贯彻这个基本原则的精神。一切技术的、战术的、战役的、战略的原则，都是执行这个基本原则时的条件。保存自己消灭敌人的原则，是一切军事原则的根据。
——《抗日游击战争的战略问题》（一九三八年五月），《毛泽东选集》第二卷第三九七——三九八页
All the guiding principles of military operations grow out of the one basic principle: to strive to the utmost to preserve one's own strength and destroy that of the enemy.... How then do we justify the encouragement of heroic sacrifice in war? Every war exacts a price, sometimes an extremely high one. Is this not in contradiction with "preserving oneself"? In fact, there is no contradiction at all; to put it more exactly, sacrifice and self-preservation are both opposite and complementary to each other. For such sacrifice is essential not only for destroying the enemy but also for preserving oneself - partial and temporary "non-preservation" (sacrifice, or paying the price) is necessary for the sake of general and permanent preservation. From this basic principle stems the series of principles guiding military operations, all of which - from the principles of shooting (taking cover to preserve oneself, and making full use of fire-power to destroy the enemy) to the principles of strategy - are permeated with the spirit of this basic principle. All technical principles and all principles concerning tactics, campaigns and strategy represent applications of this basic principle. The principle of preserving oneself and destroying the enemy is the basis of all military principles.
― "Problems of Strategy in Guerrilla War Against Japan" (May 1938), Selected Works, Vol. II, pp. 81-82.*

我们的军事原则是：（1）先打分散和孤立之敌，后打集中和强大之敌。（2）先取小城市、中等城市和广大乡村，后取大城市。（3）以歼灭敌人有生力量为主要目标，不以保守或夺取城市和地方为主要目标。保守或夺取城市和地方，是歼灭敌人有生力量的结果，往往需要反复多次才能最后地保守或夺取之。（4）每战集中绝对优势兵力（两倍、三倍、四倍、有时甚至是五倍或六倍于敌之兵力），四面包围敌人，力求全歼，不使漏网。在特殊情况下则采用给敌以歼灭性打击的方法，即集中全力打敌正面及其一翼或两翼，求达歼灭其一部、击溃其另一部的目的，以便我军能够迅速转移兵力歼击他部敌军。力求避免打那种得不偿失的、或得失相当的消耗战。这样，在全体上，我们是劣势（就数量来说），但在每一个局部上，在每一个具体战役上，我们是绝对的优势，这就保证了战役的胜利。随着时间的推移，我们就将在全体上转变为优势，直到歼灭一切敌人。（5）不打无准备之仗，不打无把握之仗，每战都应力求有准备，力求在敌我条件对比下有胜利的把握。（6）发扬勇敢战斗、不怕牺牲、不怕疲劳和连续作战（即在短期内不休息地接连打几仗）的作风。（7）力求在运动中歼灭敌人。同时，注重阵地攻击战术，夺取敌人的据点和城市。（8）在攻城问题上，一切敌人守备薄弱的据点和城市，坚决夺取之。一切敌人有中等程度的守备、而环境又许可加以夺取的据点和城市，相机夺取之。一切敌人守备强固的据点和城市，则等候条件成熟时然后夺取之。（9）以俘获敌人的全部武器和大部人员，补充自己。我军人力物力的来源，主要在前线。（10）善于利用两个战役之间的间隙，休息和整训部队。休整的时间，一般地不要过长，尽可能不使敌人获得喘息的时间。以上这些，就是人民解放军打败蒋介石的主要的方法。这些方法，是人民解放军在和国内外敌人长期作战的锻炼中产生出来，并完全适合我们目前的情况的。……我们的战略战术是建立在人民战争这个基础上的，任何反人民的军队都不能利用我们的战略战术。
——《目前形势和我们的任务》（一九四七年十二月二十五日），《毛泽东选集》第四卷第一二四七——一二四八页
Our principles of operation are:
(1) Attack dispersed, isolated enemy forces first; attack concentrated, strong enemy forces later.
(2) Take small and medium cities and extensive rural areas first; take big cities later.
(3) Make wiping out the enemy's effective strength our main objective; do not make holding or seizing a city or place our main objective. Holding or seizing a city or place is the outcome of wiping out the enemy's effective strength, and often a city or place can be held or seized for good only after it has changed hands a number of times.
(4) In every battle, concentrate an absolutely superior force (two, three, four and sometimes even five or six times the enemy's strength), encircle the enemy forces completely, strive to wipe them out thoroughly and do not let any escape from the net. In special circumstances, use the method of dealing the enemy crushing blows, that is, concentrate all our strength to make a frontal attack and an attack on one or both of his flanks, with the aim of wiping out one part and routing another so that our army can swiftly move its troops to smash other enemy forces. Strive to avoid battles of attrition in which we lose more than we gain or only break even. In this way, although inferior as a whole (in terms of numbers), we shall be absolutely superior in every part and every specific campaign, and this ensures victory in the campaign. As time goes on, we shall become superior as a whole and eventually wipe out all the enemy.
(5) Fight no battle unprepared, fight no battle you are not sure of winning; make every effort to be well prepared for each battle, make every effort to ensure victory in the given set of conditions as between the enemy and ourselves.
(6) Give full play to our style of fighting - courage in battle, no fear of sacrifice, no fear of fatigue, and continuous fighting (that is, fighting successive battles in a short time without rest).
(7) Strive to wipe out the enemy when he is on the move. At the same time, pay attention to the tactics of positional attack and capture enemy fortified points and cities.
(8) With regard to attacking cities, resolutely seize all enemy fortified points and cities which are weakly defended. At opportune moments, seize all enemy fortified points and cities defended with moderate strength, provided circumstances permit. As for all strongly defended enemy fortified points and cities, wait till conditions are ripe and then take them.
(9) Replenish our strength with all the arms and most of the personnel captured from the enemy. Our army's main sources of manpower and materiel are at the front.
(10) Make good use of the intervals between campaigns to rest, train and consolidate our troops. Periods of rest, training and consolidation should not in general be very long, and the enemy should so far as possible be permitted no breathing space.
These are the main methods the People's Liberation Army has employed in defeating Chiang Kai-shek. They are the result of the tempering of the People's Liberation Army in long years of fighting against domestic and foreign enemies and are completely suited to our present situation. . . . our strategy and tactics are based on a people's war; no army opposed to the people can use our strategy and tactics.
― "The Present Situation and Our Tasks" (December 25, 1947), Selected Military Writings, 2nd ed., pp. 349-50.*

优势而无准备，不是真正的优势，也没有主动。懂得这一点，劣势而有准备之军，常可对敌举行不意的攻势，把优势者打败。
——《论持久战》（一九三八年五月），《毛泽东选集》第二卷第四八一页
Without preparedness superiority is not real superiority and there can be no initiative either. Having grasped this point, a force which is inferior but prepared can often defeat a superior enemy by surprise attack.
― "On Protracted War" (May 1938), Selected Works, Vol. II, pp. 165-66.