罗刹海市
The Rakshasa Kingdom
- 刀郎 著
宋德利 试译 July 29, 2023
【譯者按语】 2023年5月是我历时50多年的翻译生涯中最美好的一个月份。5月7日,我荣幸地被母校南开大学外语学院诗歌外译研究中心聘为顾问。就在此前,江西人民出版社刚刚出版我的译著美国女诗人萨拉·迪斯戴尔的诗集,并将在暑期后出版我的译著王述尧教授诗集。.此外,我和译林出版社签署了我的译著亚当·斯密的《道德情操论》再版合同。更令我欣喜的是,几乎就在同时,我的《聊斋志异》12卷全译本被北京一家出版社纳入出版计划。此书的特点是,每一篇前面配上一段双语简介和一首双语俳句。全书总共498篇,配以498首俳句。此外,我的《瓦尔登湖》译稿则被北京另一家出版社纳入出版计划。此书的特点是由我自己画了58幅插图。更可喜的是,这两部大书都是免费出版。
上述出版事宜目前正在顺利进行中,因而眼下我正闲来无事。可巧,著名歌手刀郎的一首新歌《罗刹海市》目前正如日中天,震撼网络。因为与《聊斋志异》相关,这自然引起我的兴趣,于是我便欣然将其歌词试译成英文。2022年,我也曾将《可可托海的牧羊人》一歌的歌词试译成英文。我想强调的是,不少网友都说这首歌影射了四位歌手,但无论是真是假,我都不把这个问题考虑在内。作为译者,我只是翻译文字而已。我之所以翻译这首歌,是因为对于译者而言,它的晦涩难懂以及翻译难度太具挑战性了。
【譯者说明】 罗刹的译法。罗刹有两个意思。第一,传自印度佛教的恶鬼之名,有三种译法:梵文Rākṣasī;英文Rakshasa;汉语拼音Luocha。第二,元明清时对俄罗斯的称呼,英文是Russia。选择哪种译法呢?鉴于此歌的故事来自《聊斋志异》,为赋予译文以神秘的魔幻感,也为避免明显地指称俄罗斯,我选择英文Rakshasa,罗刹国则译成Rakshasa Kingdom。
作者名字“刀郎”的译法,我没有采取Dao Lang,而是采取Daolang。原因是,根据中文名汉语拼音的译法,姓氏放在前面,名字放在后面。如刀郎的真名罗林,就是Luo Lin。如果译成Dao Lang,外国人就会理解成他姓刀,名郎。也因为如此,中国古人的人名翻译也需特别谨慎。比如老子的翻译。老子名李耳,老子是尊称,而不是真名。因此老子应该翻译成Laozi,而不是Lao Zi。否则,英语读者会误以为老子姓老,名子。而李耳,则应翻译成Li Er。
罗刹海市
The Rakshasa Kingdom
罗刹国向东两万六千里
From Rakshasa Kingdom, going 26,000 miles eastward,
过七冲越焦海三寸的黄泥地
(译者注:“过”的主语应该是他,即马骥。黄泥地,意指污秽之地,亦即大粪坑。)
Passing Qichong and crossing Jiao Sea, he reached the three-square-inch yellow mud land,
只为那有一条一丘河
Just because there is a Yiqiu River.
河水流过苟苟营
The river flows through Gougou Ying
苟苟营当家的叉杆儿唤作马户
(译者注:叉杆儿,淫媒,俗称拉皮条者。)
The procurer in charge in Gougou Ying is called Mahu.
十里花场有浑名
(译者注:花场,指风月场。风月场,指情场,但多指妓院。)
He has a nickname in brothels.
她两耳傍肩三孔鼻
She has two touching-shoulder ears and a three-hole nose.
未曾开言先转腚
Before speaking, she always turns her butt.
每一日蹲窝里把蛋来卧
Every day she squats down in the nest to hatch eggs.
老粉嘴多半辈儿以为自己是只鸡
(译者注:鸡的中性英译是chicken,但其实这里所指的应是母鸡,英文应是hen。但从歌中使用的人称代词看,刀郎在这个问题上似乎有点混乱,一会儿用他,一会儿用她。不知是否故意而为之。为了行文方便,鸡我用了中性词。但人称代词我用了她。).
For most of her life, this pink-beat old bird thinks she is a chicken.
那马户不知道他是一头驴
That Mahu doesn’t know he is actually a donkey.
那又鸟不知道他是一只鸡
(译者注:考虑到上下文的内涵和一致性,我把这个他,改译成她。)
While that Youniao doesn't know she's in fact a chicken.
勾栏从来扮高雅
(译者注:宋元时期演出杂剧、百戏的场所,多为栏杆搭起的大棚,故称。后泛指剧场;也指妓院。这里可以理解成娱乐节目。讽刺的是在娱乐节目里一些有影响力的人装得很高大上。)
Persons in brothels always pretend to be elegant.
自古公公好威名
Eunuchs have always loved good reputations ever since ancient times.
打西边来了一个小伙儿他叫马骥
A young man came from the west and his name is Ma Ji.
美丰姿 少倜傥 华夏的子弟
Young, romantic and suave with a dignified appearance, he is a Chinese descendant.
只为他人海泛舟搏风打浪
Just because of rafting over the sea of faces and fighting wind and waves,
龙游险滩流落恶地
He strayed into the land of sin like a dragon wandering in a dangerous shoal.
他见这罗刹国里常颠倒
He found things are always turned upside down in this Rakshasa Kingdom.
马户爱听那又鸟的曲
Mahu donkey loves to listen to the songs of Nayou bird.
三更的草鸡打鸣当司晨
The hen in midnight actually crows to report the dawn.
半扇门楣上裱真情
The true feelings are put on a lintel of a half-door.
它红描翅那个黑画皮
There are red painted wings and black painted skin,
绿绣鸡冠金镶蹄
With a green embroidered cockscomb and gold inlaid hooves.
可是那从来煤蛋儿生来就黑
But coal balls are black in born.
不管你咋样洗呀那也是个脏东西
No matter how to wash and wash, they are still dirty things.
那马户不知道他是一头驴
That Mahu doesn't know chicken is a donkey.
那又鸟不知道他是一只鸡
That Youniao doesn't know she is a chicken.
岂有画堂登猪狗
How can a pig or a dog be allowed to rush into a painted hall?
哪来鞋拔作如意
How can a shoehorn be used like a jade-ware Ruyi?
爱字有心心有好歹
The structure of the character of love contains a character of heart but a heart can be good or bad.
百样爱也有千样的坏
A hundred kinds of love also have a thousand kinds of badness.
女子为好非全都好
The character of woman and that of son can form a character of good by being put together.
But that doesn’t mean everything is good.
还有黄蜂尾上针
And there is also the needle on the tail of a wasp.
西边的欧钢有老板
(译者注:西边的欧洲有个钢铁企业,它有个老板生了个儿子名叫做维特根斯坦。据说这个老板真有其人。他是个哲学家,说了些很有道理的名言。)
In the west, there is a steel company in Europe.
生儿维特根斯坦
Its boss has a son named Weitegenstein.
他言说马户驴又鸟鸡
He said something about Mahu donkey and Youniao chicken.
到底那马户是驴还是驴是又鸟鸡
Is Mahu a donkey or is a donkey a Youniao chicken?
那驴是鸡那个鸡是驴那鸡是驴那个驴是鸡
That donkey is a chicken and that chicken is a donkey. That chicken is a donkey and that donkey is a chicken.
那马户又鸟
That Ma Hu donkey and You Niao chicken
是我们人类根本的问题
Are the fundamental problem of our mankind.
(2023年7月29日 美国新泽西)
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